MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION IN DECCAN UNDER AURANGZEB (AD. 1659-1707)

About The Book : The work analyses the long span of Mughal Deccan for almost fifty years under Emperor Aurangzeb in almost two equal phases,(AD 1659 - 1682 & 1682 - 1707). Book stands out on two major counts: its exhaustive utlilisation of Aurangzeb's collection of letters in Ᾱdᾱb-i 'Ᾱlamgῑrῑ, for the period of Aurangzeb's viceroyalty; secondly, the exhaustive use of the documents in the Inayat Jung Collection, now at the National Archives of India, New Delhi. These documents throw new light on the issue of bejagiri, absence of paibaqi, influx of Deccani mansabdars and the question of jᾱgῑr crisis, pᾱibᾱqῑ and khᾱliṣa with its overall impact on the decline of the Mughal Empire. About The Author : ZAKIR HUSAIN, retired as Assistant Director (Oriental Records), National Archives of India. An alumnus of the Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, from where he obtained his higher education and training in shikasta script and archival research. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from Indira Gandhi Open National University, New Delhi. CONTENTS Preface......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 SECTION [A] [1659-1682] 1. The Deccan Viceroyalty in the Last Years of Shāh Jahān...............................................................................................................................................37 (i) Limits and Territorial Divisions, (ii) Main Officials, (iii) The Jāgīr Assignments: Problems of Low-Monthly Jāgīrs, (iv) Revenue and Financial Administration. 2. The Deccan Provinces [1659-1682]...................................................................................................................................................................................59 (i) The Viceroys, (ii) Other Provincial Officers, (iii) Local Administration. 3. Army Organisation and Deployment in the Deccan.........................................................................................................................................................77 (i) Mansab and Jāgīr Assignments, (ii) Control Over Mansabdārs’ Contingents, (iii) Forts, (iv) Bargīs 4. Revenue and Financial Administration...........................................................................................................................................................................101 (i) Khālisa and Pāibāqī, (ii) Land Revenue Assessment and Realisation, (iii) The Deshmukhs, Desāīs and Other Zamīndārs SECTION [B] [1682-1707] 5. Expansion of the Mughal Power in the Deccan [1682-1707]..........................................................................................................................................123 (i) Territorial Expansion and Creation of New Sūbās, (ii) Administrative Problems of the Newly Conquered Areas, (iii) Assignment in the Newly Conquered Areas 6. Provincial Administration....................................................................................................................................................................................................153 (i) Emperor as Viceroy of Deccan? (a) Financial Difficulties, (b) Pressure on Resources: Situation of the Pāibāqī, (c) Pressure on Jāgīrs, (d) Low Income from Jāgīrs, (e) Jāgīr Assignments (f) Faujdāri Rights and Jurisdictions, (g) Local Administration, (h) Maintenance of Military Contingent and (i) Conclusion (ii) Nāzims and Faujdārs (iii) Other Sūba Officials (a) Dīwān, (b) Bakhshī, (c) Fauj‘dār, (d) Qila‘dār and Thānadār, (e) Qazi, Sạ̄dr, Muhtasib, (f) Local Administration 7. Land Revenue and Taxes................................................................................................................................................................................................195 (i) Problems of Revenue Collection (a) Geographical Survey, (b) Means of Irrigation, (c) Taxation and Settlement, (d) Conclusion (ii) Jizya (iii) Other Taxes 8. Problems of the Zamīndārs.................................................................................................................................................................................................225 (i) The Different Forms of Zamīndārs, (ii) Pālīgārs and Marathas, (iii) Others 9. The Question of Jāgīr Crisis..............................................................................................................................................................................................268 (i) Pāibāqī & Khālisa, (ii) Income from Jāgīr Assignments 10. The Great Famine and Mughal Administration.............................................................................................................................................................283 11. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................................................................................296 Appendices..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................300 Appendix-A- Aurangzeb’s First Viceroyalty of the Deccan. Appendix-B- Farmān of Aurangzeb, 1665. Appendix-C- Revenue Statistics of Pargana ‘Ādilābād [sarkār Asir, sūba Khandesh]. Appendix-D- An Opening to Rājarām? A farmān of Aurangzeb. Bibliogoraphy........................................................................................................................................................................................................................329 Maps MAP: Mughal India, 1658 A.D. MAP: Mughal Provinces of the Deccan under Shāh Jahān, 1658 A.D. Farmān of Aurangzeb, 1689 A.D. MAP: The Deccan, 1689 A.D. MAP: Expansion of the Mughal Power in the Deccan under Aurangzeb, 1707 A.D. MAP: Pargana Ādilābād. Glossary................................................................................................................................................................................................................................337 Index.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................347 The Title 'MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION IN DECCAN UNDER AURANGZEB (AD. 1659-1707) written/authored/edited by DR. ZAKIR HUSAIN', published in the year 2023. The ISBN 9788121264747 is assigned to the Hardcover version of this title. This book has total of pp. 366 (Pages). The publisher of this title is Gyan Publishing House. This Book is in English. The subject of this book is History. Size of the book is 14.34 x 22.59 cms Vol:-