History of the Twentieth Century World (1900-1945) (1945-2000) Volume 2 Vols. Set [Hardcover]

ABOUT THE BOOK:- Twentieth century history witnesses many political upheavals in the international arena. History of the inter-war period emerges as an academic discipline and almost becomes an interdisciplinary domain similar to global studies. Students of history delve deep into the trajectories of historical development taking place after the First World War. Hence, the International relations in the inter-war period becomes a fascinating intellectual discourse which invites academicians to incorporate all such issues in their undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Their importance was felt across the years of the century and is still felt relevant. This book has been a noble attempt to discuss all such important international happenings in a limited framework following the onset of the First World War until the closure of the second one. It is in the form of a textbook and every effort has been made to maintain the standard. The language followed is precise and self-convincing. I believe the book in its present shape benefit the learners. ABOUT THE AUTHOR:- Having First Class Academic Career throughout, Dr. Prasanta Kumar Nayak (b.1967) received M.A., M. Phil and Ph. D. degrees from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar and joined the Department of Higher Education, Government of Arunachal Pradesh as Lecturer in History in July 1992. At present he is serving as Associate Professor in the Department of History at Indira Gandhi Government College, Tezu, Arunachal Pradesh. Dr. Nayak has published scores of research articles in various journals of repute including EPW; self-authored Higher Education in Arunachal Pradesh (2002), History of Modern Political Movements (2003) published by Akansha Publishing House, New Delhi and Periodisation of History: Arunachal Pradesh (2017) by Kalpaz Publications, New Delhi; completed Research Projects sponsored by UGC and ICHR; and prepared Course Materials for the Distant Learners of University of Mumbai, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar and Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. His present academic interests include the Developmental History of Arunachal Pradesh and the Economic History of Modern Odisha. His recent feat of accomplishment has been the Outstanding Teacher’s Award received from the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh in 2016. CONTENTS:- Vol. 1:- Preface . 9 1. First World War and Aftermaths .11 • Objective • Introduction • First World War • Causes of the War (Origin) • Course of World War I (191418) • War on Two Fronts • USA Joining the War • Italy and the Allies • Victory of the Allies • Nature of World War I • Results of the War • Paris Peace Conference • The Armistice • Composition of the Conference • Initial Problems of the Conference • Wilson’s Fourteen Points (8 January 1918) • Criticism • League of Nations • Origin • The League Covenant • Aims and Objectives of the League • Membership • Organisation of the League • The Assembly • The Council • The Secretariat • The Permanent Court of International Justice • The International Labour Organisation (ILO) • Achievements of the League • Political Achievements • Dispute over Aaland Islands • Dispute over Eupen and Malmedy, 192021 • Dispute over Upper Silesia, 1921 • Dispute over Vilna, 1920 • Dispute over Corfu, 1923 • Greco-Bulgarian Dispute, 1925 • The Chaco War, 1928 • Manchurian Dispute, 1931 • Italian Attack on Ethiopia, 193436 • German Aggression and the League, 193539 • Social Achievements • Economic Achievements • Failure of the League of Nations • Search for Security • French Quest for Security • The System of Guarantees and Alliances • French Alliances • The Little Entente • The Italian Alliances • The Middle East and the Saadabad Pact • The Scandinavian Block • The Baltic Pact • Briand’s Project of European Union • The Pact of Rome • London Agreements • The Geneva Protocol, 1924 • Merits • Washington Conference, 192122 • Locarno Pact, 1925 • Franco-German and German-Belgium Treaty of Arbitration • Arbitration Treaties between Germany and Poland and Germany and Czechoslovakia • Arbitration Conventions between Germany and Belgium and Germany and France • Treaties of Guarantee between France and Poland, and France and Czechoslovakia • Criticism • KelloggBriand Pact, 1928 • Shortcomings of the Pact • Importance of the Pact • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. 2. World between Two World Wars Part – I . 69 • Objective • Introduction • Crisis in Capitalism • Great Depression • Causes of the Depression • Rise of Communism and Cancellation of Debts • Impact on Germany • Impact on England • Impact on the USA • Impact on India • General Impact • Led to Abandonment of Gold Standard • Led to Abandonment of Policy of Free Trade • Led to Rise of Military Nationalism • Rise of Fascism in Italy • Rise of Nazism in Germany • Political Instability in France • Promoted Socialistic Ideas • Policy of Appeasement • Paralysed the League of Nations • Gave Serious Setback to Democracy • New Deal • Background • Principles of New Deal • Implementation of the Principles • Results • Criticism • The Making of the Russian Revolution • Establishment of Socialist State in Russia • Its Economic and Political Aspects • Economic Aspects • Political Aspects • Imperialism • Leninist TheoryThe Vanguard Party • Democratic Centralism • Revolution • Dictatorship of the Proletariat • National Selfdetermination • Lenin vs. Stalin • Trotskyism vs. Stalinism • The Oppositionists • New Economic Policy (NEP) (192129) • The Death of Lenin and the Fate of the NEP • Response and Reaction in the West of the Russian Revolution • Totalitarianism in the InterWar Period • Fascism in Italy (Rise of Benito Mussolini) • March on Rome • Main Concepts of Fascism • Domestic Policy • Mussolini’s Economic Policy • Nazism in Germany (Rise of Hitler) • Nazism as a Concept • Application of Nazism • Modernisation of Turkey • Domestic Policy of Mustafa Kemal Pasha • Foreign Policy of Kemal Pasha • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. 3. World Between Two World WarsPartII . 139 • Objectives • Introduction • Rise of Nationalism in Indo–China • Historical Background • Vietnam • Kampuchea • Laos • Factors Contributing to the Rise of Nationalism • System of French Administration • French Educational Policy • Cultural Assimilation • Impact of Western Thought • Impact of Foreign Wars and Revolution • Impact of World War I • Struggle for National Independence • Rise of Nationalism in Indonesia • The Revolution • Independent Indonesia • Rise of Arab World • Problem of Palestine • Early History • The Problem of Palestine • British Mandate and the Zionist Movement • Attempts to Solve the Palestine Problems • Post-War Developments Leading to Partition • Freedom of Egypt • Egyptian Nationalism • British Declaration of 1929 • Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 • Egypt and the World War II • Post-World War II Developments • The July Revolution and Freedom of Egypt • Foreign Policy of USA • Bases of American Foreign Policy • Relations with Europe • Relations with the Far East • Relations with Latin-America • The Pan-American Conferences • Foreign Policy of USSR • Bases of Russian Diplomacy • Phases of Russian Foreign Policy • First Phase • Second Phase, 19211934 • Third Phase, 193438 • Final Phase, 19381945 • Russia’s Relations with Middle East • Soviet Relations with the Far East • Russo-Chinese Relations • Russo-Japanese Relations • Foreign Policy of Great Britain • Factors of British Foreign Policy • Protection of Colonial Interest • Balance of Power • Splendid Isolation • Increasing Dependence on British Commonwealth • Increasing Dependence on the U.S.A. • A Support for the Course of Peace and Disarmament • Economic Recovery and Increase in World Trade • Relations with France • Relations with Russia • Relations with Italy • Relations with Germany • England and Disarmament • England and the League • Foreign Policy of France • Franco-Russian Treaty, 1935 • Franco-Italian Treaty, 1935 • France and the Spanish Civil War • Franco-British Alliance • Issue of Czechoslovakia • The Munich Pact • French Appeasement • Bases of French Appeasement • Foreign Policy of Germany • Withdrawal from the League • Polish-German Non-Aggression Pact • Attempt on Austria by Force • Occupation of Saar by Germany • Anglo-German Naval Treaty, 1935 • Remilitarisation of Germany • Intervention in the Spanish Civil War • Formation of the Axis • Anschluss of Austria with Germany • Attack on Czechoslovakia • The Munich Pact • Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact and Germany’s Invasion of Poland • Foreign Policy of Italy • Principles and Objectives • Italy and Greece • Italy and France • Italy and Yugoslavia • Italy and Albania • Italy and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) • Intervention in the Spanish Civil War • Italy and Austria • Mussolini at the Munich Conference • Italy and World War II • Foreign Policy of Japan • Washington Conference • Japan from 19221933 • Tanaka Memorial • Japan in Manchuria • Japan from 193245 • Causes of the Success of Japan’s Foreign Policy • Japan and the Second World War • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References 4. Immediate Precedence to Second World War . 257 • Objectives • Introduction • Problem of Disarmament • Need for Disarmament • Earlier Attempts at Disarmament • Disarmament Attempts Inside the League • Disarmament Outside the League • Peace Treaty between Russia and Finland (1920) • Washington Conference (192122) • Moscow Disarmament Conference (1922) • Geneva Conference (1927) • Pact of Paris (1928) • London Naval Treaty (1930) • Angora-Protocol (1930) • Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935) • London Naval Conference (1935) • Causes for Failure • Disarmament, 193945 • Policy of Appeasement • Reasons for Adoption of Appeasement Policy • Fear of Communism • Balance of Power • Economic Depression • Belief in Limited Appetite of Dictators • Selfish Interests of England, France and USA • British Appeasement • Basis of British Appeasement • Appeasement towards Japan • Appeasement towards Italy • Appeasement towards Germany • French Appeasement • Firstly, France began to Safeguard her Eastern Frontier • Bases of French Appeasement • American Appeasement • Bases of American Appeasement • Appeasement towards Italy • Appeasement towards Japan • Appeasement towards Spain • Appeasement towards Germany • Impact of Appeasement Policy • Spanish Civil War • Causes of the Civil War • Social and Economic Weakness • Weak Political Forces • Revolutionary Movement after World War • Impact of the Dictatorship • Convening of the Republic • Beginning of the Civil War • Nature of the Civil War • Attitude of Italy and Germany • Attitude of Portugal • Attitude of Soviet Russia • Attitude of Great Britain and France • Attitude of USA • Attitude of the League of Nations • End of the Civil War • Recognition of New Regime • Impact of the Civil War on Europe • The Second World War • Causes of the War • Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles • Rise of Extreme Nationalism in Italy, Germany and Japan • Failure of the League of Nations • Failure of Disarmament Efforts • Discontents of National Minorities • Conflict of Ideologies • Economic Factors • Policy of Appeasement • Rise of Two Rival Camps • Course of the War • First Phase (September 3, 1939June22, 1941) • Second Phase (June 22, 1941December 8, 1941) • Third Phase (December 8, 1941November 8, 1942) • Fourth Phase (November 8, 1942 – May 7, 1945) • Last Phase (May 7, 1945 – September 2, 1945) • The Manhattan Project • War in Poland and the Baltic Region • War in Western Europe • War in Britain • War in the Balkan Region • War in Eastern Europe • War in Africa and the Near East • U.S.A. and the Second World War • War in the Far East • War in Mediterranean • War in Italy • War in France • War in Germany • War in the Pacific • War Time Conferences • Atlantic Charter, 1941 • Casablanca Conference • Moscow Conference • Cairo Meet • Teheran Conference • Dumbarton Oaks Conference • Yalta Conference • Potsdam Conference • Peace Treaties After World War II • Treaty with Italy • Treaty with Bulgaria • Treaty with Hungary • Treaty with Rumania • Treaty with Finland • Treaty with Austria • Treaty with Germany • Treaty with Japan • Difficulties in Conclusion of Peace Treaties after World War II • Results of the Second World War • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. . Index .32 CONTENTS:- Vol. 2:- Preface. 7 1. The United Nations Organisation (UNO). 9 • Objectives • Introduction • The UNO • Formation • Objectives • Structure • The General Assembly • The Security Council • The Secretariat • The Trusteeship Council • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • International Court of Justice (ICJ) • Specialised Agencies • International Labour Organisation (ILO) • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) • World Health Organisation (WHO) • Universal Postal Union (UPU) • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) • International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) • World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) • Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) • International Finance Corporation (IFC) • International Development Association (IDA) • UNDP, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UWHCR and UNICEF • GATT, INCB, WIPO and UPOV • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) • UNO and the Human Rights • Achievements and Failures of the UNO • Kashmir • Congo • Cyprus • Korea • Accomplishments of the United Nations • Maintenance of International Peace and Security • Social Accomplishments • Economic Accomplishments • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. 2. Rise of Bi-Polar World . 61 • Objectives • Introduction • The Cold War • Background of the Cold War in 1945 • What is Cold War? • Origin of the Cold War • Basis of the Cold War • Causes of Cold War • Super Power Rivalry (1945-1980) • Effects of the Cold War • The Berlin Crisis • The Cuban Crisis • The Suez Crisis • The Afghan Crisis • Problems of Disarmament • Disarmament Conferences (1946-1972) • Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) - I (1972) • SALT II (1979) • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) • The United States and Western Europe • Revival of Western Europe • The Marshall Plan • The Truman Doctrine • Formation of the NATO - Its Objectives and Implications • De Gaulle’s France and Rift in NATO • France in the Post-War Period • France under De Gaulle and the Rift in NATO • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. 3. Last Phase of Cold War . 133 • Objectives • Introduction • The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe • Political and Economic Relations • Political • Economic • Military • The Warsaw Pactand its Objectives • Signing of the Pact • Objectives • Working of the Pact • The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia • Soviet Intervention in Hungary-1956• Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia – 1968 • Gorbachev Era • Rise of Gorbachev • Glasnost • Perestroika • Implementation of Perestroika andGlasnost • Dissolution of the USSR • The August Coup • Formation of the CLS and the end of the USSR • Disintegration of Socialist Bloc and End ofCold War • Change from Bipolar to Unipolar World System • New World Order • Unipolar World or Interdependent World • Impact on Third World• Positive Developments • Negative Developments • Globalisation- Its Economic and Political Implications • Definition • History of Globalisation • ModernGlobalisation • Features of Globalisation • Economic Implications • Political Implications • Regional Security and Alliances: Concept of Regional Security• Regional Security Alliances and UNO • Advantages of Regional Alliances • Disadvantages of Regional Alliances • Working of the Regional SecurityAlliances • Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) or the Baghdad Pact • Provisions of the CENTO • Reactions against CENTO • South East AsiaTreaty Organisation (SEATO) • Implications of the Treaty • The Association of the South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) • South Asian Association forRegional Cooperation (SAARC) • First SAARC Summit (Dhaka, 1985) • Second SAARC Summit (Bangalore, 1986) • Third SAARC Summit(Kathmandu, 1987) • Fourth SAARC Summit (Islamabad, 1988) • Fifth SAARC Summit (Male, 1990) • Sixth SAARC Summit (Colombo, 1991) • SeventhSAARC Summit (Dhaka, 1993) • Eighth SAARC Summit (New Delhi, 1995) • Ninth SAARC Summit (Male, 1997) • Tenth SAARC Summit (Colombo,1998) • Eleventh SAARC Summit (Kathmandu, 2002) • Achievements • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. 4. Asia in World Affairs, 1945-80 .. 217 • Objectives • Introduction • Asia in World Affairs • Arab-Israeli Conflict (1948-1978) • Conflict of 1948 • Conflict of 1956 • War of June 1967 • The War and the UN Charter • US Plan of 1970 • War of October 1973 • Peace Treaty of 1979 • The Palestine Problem and the PLO • Camp David Accord(1979) • Oslo Accords (1993) • Camp David Summit (2000) • Taba Summit (2001) • Road Map for Peace • Present Status • The Iranian Revolution, 1978-79 • Consequences • India in World Affairs • Indo-Pak Relations • Sino-Indian Relations • Indo-US Relations • Indo-Soviet Relations • India and Non-Alignment • Non-alignment and National Interest • Non-alignment and Neutrality • Development of Policy of Non-alignment • South East Asia in World Affairs • The Bandung Conference – 1955 • Purpose of the Conference • Issues Discussed and Decisions Pledged • The Vietnam War • The Geneva Conference, 1954 • The Vietnam Crisis, 1964 • The US Stand • The Kampuchean Problem • First Administration of Sihanouk • The Khmer Republic and the War • Democratic Kampuchea (the Khmer Rouge/ Red Khmer) • People’s Republic of Kampuchea • Modern Cambodia • Sino-Vietnam Conflict, 1979• Background of Sino-Soviet Dispute • Sino-Soviet Border Conflict • Sino- Soviet Relation and Vietnam in 1979 • The Sino-Vietnam War (1979) • Let Us Sum Up • Key Words • Select References. Index . 317 The Title 'History of the Twentieth Century World (1900-1945) (1945-2000) written/authored/edited by P. K. Nayak', published in the year 2017. The ISBN 9789351282624 is assigned to the Hardcover version of this title. This book has total of pp. 676 (Pages). The publisher of this title is Kalpaz Publications. This Book is in English. The subject of this book is History. Size of the book is 14.34 x 22.59 cms Vol:- 2 Vols. Set