The India They Saw (Vol-1)

An account of the grandeur of ancient India as perceived by her foreign visitors from hoary times, and their wonder at her rich philosophical efflorescence and material abundance. The foreigners marvelled at the deep spiritual convictions that allowed yogis and widows to ascend a burning pyre without murmur; the social harmony of myriad tribes and castes; and above all, the common culture and love of justice permeating and binding all in seamless unity. Beginning with the Greeks and especially those who accompanied Alexander, these accounts comprise our first records into the social, moral, legal, and economic life of the Indian people, and the early development of the civilisational paradigm of dharma, artha, kama and moksa. The rise of Christianity pushed Europe into a cocoon. Thereafter, Buddhist pilgrims from China traversed the land between the fourth and the eighth centuries, visiting the major monasteries and sites associated with the Buddha, and left interesting memoirs behind. This uninhibited intellectual and spiritual exploration of India's Sanskritic or Indic culture ended abruptly with the rise of Islam in Arabia in the seventh century, and its outward thrust into Europe, north Africa, Central Asia and the Indian sub-continent, where it fought to establish political and religious supremacy. Possibly the last Buddhist monk to take the land route to India was the Korean pilgrim Hye Ch'O, who arrived as the armies of Islam began cutting through Central Asia…_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CONTENTS Publisher's Note — Pgs. vHWUI SENG AND SUNG YUN — Pgs. 157Introduction — Pgs. viiChapter 14 Chapter 1 — Pgs. YUAN CHWANG — Pgs. 173HERODOTUS — Pgs. 1Book II — Pgs. 175Book I — Pgs. 1Book III — Pgs. 185 Book III — Pgs. 1Book IV — Pgs. 188Book IV — Pgs. 3Book V — Pgs. 194Book VII — Pgs. 4Book VI — Pgs. 203Chapter 2 — Pgs. Book VII — Pgs. 206KTESIAS THE KNIDIAN — Pgs. 5Book VIII — Pgs. 209Fragment I. Ecloga in Photii, Bibl. LXXII, p. 144 seqq. 6Book IX — Pgs. 221Chapter 3 — Pgs. Book X — Pgs. 231STRABO — Pgs. 13Book XI — Pgs. 244Book XV — Pgs. 13The Life of Hsuan-TsangChapter 4 — Pgs. Book II ('Life') — Pgs. 253PLINY — Pgs. 29Book III ('Life') — Pgs. 256Indian Animals — Pgs. 31Book IV ('Life') — Pgs. 262Indian Plants — Pgs. 32Book V ('Life') — Pgs. 272Indian Minerals and Precious Stones — Pgs. 37Book VI ('Life') — Pgs. 285Chapter 5 — Pgs. Book VII ('Life') — Pgs. 289ARRIAN — Pgs. 41Book VIII ('Life') — Pgs. 293Book IV — Pgs. 41Book IX ('Life') — Pgs. 293BOOK V — Pgs. 43Book X ('Life') — Pgs. 294Chapter 6 — Pgs. Chapter 15 — Pgs. ARRIAN - INDIKA — Pgs. 51I-TSING — Pgs. 295Chapter 7 — Pgs. Introduction — Pgs. 296PERIPLUS MARIS ERYTHRAEI — Pgs. 57CHAPTER IV Distinction between pure and impure food — Pgs. 297II. Articles of Commerce mentioned in the Periplus — Pgs. 57CHAPTER VII The morning inspection of water as to insects — Pgs. 298III. Plants and their products — Pgs. 58CHAPTER IX Rules about the reception at the Upavasatha Day — Pgs. 299IV. Metals and Metallic Articles — Pgs. 60CHAPTER X Necessary food and clothing — Pgs. 305V. Stones — Pgs. 61CHAPTER XX Bathing at proper times — Pgs. 310ANONYMI [ARRIANI UT FERTUR] PERIPLUS CHAPTER XXV Behaviour between teacher and pupil — Pgs. 311 MARIS ERYTHRAEI — Pgs. 62CHAPTER XXVII On symptoms of bodily illness — Pgs. 311India's Trade with the Roman World: A Loan Contract on Papyrus — Pgs. 67CHAPTER XXVIII Rules on giving medicine — Pgs. 311Recto, Column 2 — Pgs. 68CHAPTER XXIX Hurtful medical treatment must not be practiced — Pgs. 312Verso, Column 2 — Pgs. 68CHAPTER XXXII The ceremony of chanting — Pgs. 312Chapter 8 CHAPTER XXXIV The method of learning in the west — Pgs. 315AELIAN — Pgs. 71CHAPTER XL Such actions were not practised by the virtuous of old — Pgs. 317Frag. IV. Aelian, De Nat. Anim., Book XVII, 29 — Pgs. 78Chapter 16 Frag. XXIII. Aelian, IV, 46 — Pgs. 78HYE CH'O — Pgs. 319Chapter 9 1. Vaisali (?) — Pgs. 320Philostratus: Life of Apollonius — Pgs. 812. Kusinagara — Pgs. 320Book I — Pgs. 833. Varanasi — Pgs. 321Book II — Pgs. 854. Central India and the Customs of the Five Regions of India — Pgs. 322Book III — Pgs. 895. The Four Great Stupas of Central India — Pgs. 323Book IV — Pgs. 946. South India — Pgs. 324Book VI — Pgs. 957. West India — Pgs. 325Book VII — Pgs. 1028. North India (Jalandhara) — Pgs. 325Book VIII — Pgs. 103 9. Suvarnagotra — Pgs. 326Chapter 10 10. Takka — Pgs. 326Fragmentary References on India — Pgs. 10511. Sindhukula — Pgs. 326Diodorus Siculus — Pgs. 10512. Tamasavana — Pgs. 326Bardesanes of Babylon — Pgs. 10813. Nagaradhana — Pgs. 327Physica, i. 56. Gaisford's Edition — Pgs. 10814. Kasmir — Pgs. 327Pseudo-Kallisthenes — Pgs. 10915. Greater Bolor — Pgs. 329Kosmas Indikopleustes — Pgs. 11116. Tibet — Pgs. 329Chapter 11 17. Lesser Bolor — Pgs. 329Buddhism in China: a general outline — Pgs. 11518. Gandhara — Pgs. 330Chapter 12 — Pgs. 19. Udyana — Pgs. 331FA-HIEN — Pgs. 12320. Chitral — Pgs. 331Chapter 1 — Pgs. 12421. Lampaka — Pgs. 332Chapter II — Pgs. 12522. Kapisa — Pgs. 332Chapter III — Pgs. 12523. Zabulistan — Pgs. 333Chapter V — Pgs. 12724. Bamiyan — Pgs. 333Chapter VI — Pgs. 12825. Tokharistan — Pgs. 333Chapter VII — Pgs. 12826. Persia — Pgs. 334Chapter VIII — Pgs. 12927. Arabs — Pgs. 334Chapter XII — Pgs. 12928. Greater Fu-lin — Pgs. 335Chapter XIII — Pgs. 13029. Six Countries of Central Asia — Pgs. 335Chapter XV — Pgs. 13230. Ferghana — Pgs. 336Chapter XVI — Pgs. 13231. Khuttal — Pgs. 336Chapter XVII — Pgs. 13432. Turks — Pgs. 337Chapter XX — Pgs. 13633. Wakhan — Pgs. 337Chapter XXII — Pgs. 13834. Nine Shih-ni Countries — Pgs. 338Chapter XXIII — Pgs. 13935. Ts'ung Ling — Pgs. 338Chapter XXIV — Pgs. 14036. Kashgar — Pgs. 339Chapter XXV — Pgs. 14037. Kucha — Pgs. 339Chapter XXVI — Pgs. 14238. Khotan — Pgs. 339Chapter XXVII — Pgs. 14239. Monasteries of An-hsi — Pgs. 340Chapter XXVIII — Pgs. 14440. Wu Chih — Pgs. 340Chapter XXIX — Pgs. 144Chapter 17 — Pgs. Chapter XXX — Pgs. 145KHMER'S HINDU KINGDOM — Pgs. 341Chapter XXXI — Pgs. 145The First Kaundinya Dynasty and the 'Fan' Rulers — Pgs. 341Chapter XXXII — Pgs. 147Chapter 18 — Pgs. Chapter XXXIV — Pgs. 149IL YON — Pgs. 345Chapter XXXV — Pgs. 150BOOK II — Pgs. 346Chapter XXXVI — Pgs. 151Annexure 1 : Lives of Eminent Korean Monks — Pgs. 351Chapter XXXVII — Pgs. 152Annexure 2 : Chinese Monks in India — Pgs. 353Chapter XXXVIII — Pgs. 152References — Pgs. 369Chapter XL — Pgs. 153Bibliography and Suggested Readings — Pgs. 393Chapter 13 Index — Pgs. 397